ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā keramika a me nā keramika pololei

ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā keramika a me nā keramika pololei

Ua kapa ʻia nā metala, nā mea olaola, a me nā keramika ʻo ia nā "mea nui ʻekolu". Ua ʻōlelo ʻia ua hoʻomaka ka huaʻōlelo Ceramics mai Keramos, ka huaʻōlelo Helene no ka lepo i puhi ʻia. I kapa mua ʻia i nā keramika, i kēia manawa, ua hoʻomaka ka huaʻōlelo keramika e hoʻohana i nā mea ʻole metala a me nā mea inorganic e like me nā mea refractory, ke aniani, a me ka sima. No nā kumu i luna, hiki ke wehewehe ʻia nā keramika i kēia manawa he "huahana e hoʻohana ana i nā mea ʻole metala a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea inorganic a ua kau ʻia i ka mālama ʻana i ka mahana kiʻekiʻe i ke kaʻina hana".

Ma waena o nā keramika, pono ka hana kiʻekiʻe a me ka pololei kiʻekiʻe no nā keramika i hoʻohana ʻia ma nā ʻano ʻoihana like ʻole, me ka ʻoihana uila. No laila, ua kapa ʻia lākou i kēia manawa he "ceramic precision" i mea e hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā keramika maʻamau i hana ʻia mai nā mea kūlohelohe e like me ka lepo a me ka silica. ʻokoʻa. ʻO nā keramika maikaʻi he mau keramika pololei kiʻekiʻe i hana ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka "pauka mea maka i koho pono ʻia a i hoʻohui ʻia" ma o "ke kaʻina hana hana i kāohi pono ʻia" a me "ka hoʻonohonoho kemika i hoʻoponopono pono ʻia".

ʻOkoʻa loa nā mea maka a me nā ʻano hana
ʻO nā mea maka i hoʻohana ʻia i nā keramika he mau minelala kūlohelohe, a ʻo nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia i nā keramika kikoʻī he mau mea maka i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia.

Loaʻa i nā huahana seramika nā ʻano o ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe, ke kūpaʻa wela maikaʻi loa, ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka pala, ka pale uila, a pēlā aku. ʻO nā seramika, nā mea refractory, ke aniani, ka sima, nā seramika pololei, a pēlā aku nā huahana hōʻike. Ma ke kumu o nā waiwai i luna, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā keramika maikaʻi i nā waiwai mechanical, electrical, optical, kemikala, a me biochemical, a me nā hana ikaika. I kēia manawa, hoʻohana nui ʻia nā seramika pololei ma nā ʻano like ʻole e like me nā semiconductors, nā kaʻa, ka kamaʻilio ʻike, nā mīkini ʻoihana, a me ka mālama olakino. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā seramika kuʻuna e like me nā seramika a me nā seramika maikaʻi e pili nui ana i nā mea maka a me kā lākou ʻano hana. Hana ʻia nā seramika kuʻuna ma ke kāwili ʻana i nā minelala kūlohelohe e like me ka mudstone, feldspar, a me ka lepo, a laila hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a puhi ʻia iā lākou. I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, hoʻohana nā seramika maikaʻi i nā mea maka maoli i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia, nā mea maka artificial i hana ʻia ma o ka mālama ʻana i ka kemika, a me nā hui i loaʻa ʻole ma ke ʻano. Ma ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā mea maka i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna, hiki ke loaʻa kahi mea nona nā waiwai i makemake ʻia. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā mea maka i hoʻomākaukau ʻia i huahana waiwai nui me ka pololei o ka dimensional kiʻekiʻe loa a me nā hana ikaika ma o nā kaʻina hana i hoʻomalu pono ʻia e like me ke kālai ʻana, ke ahi ʻana, a me ka wili ʻana.

Ka Hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā keramika:

1. Nā Pālolo a me nā Pālolo

1.1 Ipu lepo

He ipu i hana ʻole ʻia me ka glazing i hana ʻia ma ke kāwili ʻana i ka lepo, hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a puhi ʻia i ka mahana haʻahaʻa (ma kahi o 800°C). ʻO kēia mau mea e komo pū ana me nā ipu lepo kaila Jomon, nā ipu lepo ʻano Yayoi, nā mea i ʻeli ʻia mai ka Hikina Waena a me ka Hikina Kokoke i ka makahiki 6000 BC a pēlā aku. ʻO nā huahana i hoʻohana nui ʻia i kēia manawa, ʻo ia nā ipu pua ʻulaʻula-ʻeleʻele, nā piliki ʻulaʻula, nā kapuahi, nā kānana wai, a pēlā aku.

1.2 Nā ipu lepo

Hoʻā ʻia ia ma kahi mahana kiʻekiʻe (1000-1250°C) ma mua o ka ipu lepo, a he wai kona e omo ai a he huahana i puhi ʻia e hoʻohana ʻia ma hope o ka hoʻonani ʻana. ʻO kēia mau mea ʻo SUEKI, RAKUYAKI, Maiolica, Delftware, a pēlā aku. I kēia manawa, ʻo nā huahana i hoʻohana nui ʻia he mau seti kī, nā ipu ʻaina, nā seti pua, nā tile a pēlā aku.

1.3 Porcelain

He huahana i puhi ʻia i ke keʻokeʻo i hoʻopaʻa piha ʻia ma hope o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka silica a me ka feldspar i ka pālolo maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe (a i ʻole ka pōhaku lepo), ke kāwili ʻana, ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, a me ke ahi ʻana. Hoʻohana ʻia nā glazes kala. Ua hoʻomohala ʻia i ka wā feudal (7 a me 8 mau kenekulia) o Kina e like me ka Sui Dynasty a me Tang Dynasty a ua laha aku i ka honua. Aia nā mea nui ʻo Jingdezhen, Arita ware, Seto ware a pēlā aku. ʻO nā huahana i hoʻohana nui ʻia i kēia manawa, ʻo ia hoʻi nā mea ʻaina, nā mea hoʻokaʻawale, nā mea hana noʻeau a me nā hana lima, nā tile hoʻonaninani a pēlā aku.

2. Nā mea hoʻopaʻa ahi

Hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a puhi ʻia mai nā mea i pala ʻole i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻohana ʻia ia e kūkulu i nā umu no ka hoʻoheheʻe hao, ka hana kila a me ka hoʻoheheʻe aniani.

3. Aniani

He mea paʻa amorphous ia i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ka hoʻomehana ʻana a me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i nā mea maka e like me ka silica, ka limestone a me ka soda ash.

4. Sima

He pauka i loaʻa ma ke kāwili ʻana i ka pōhaku lepo a me ka silica, ka calcining, a me ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka gypsum. Ma hope o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka wai, hoʻopili ʻia nā pōhaku a me ke one e hana i ka sima.

5. Ka Pālolo ʻOihana Kūpono

ʻO nā keramika maikaʻi he mau keramika pololei kiʻekiʻe i hana ʻia ma ka "hoʻohana ʻana i ka pauka mea maka i koho ʻia a i hana ʻia paha, hoʻoponopono maikaʻi ʻia ke ʻano kemika" + "kaʻina hana i kāohi pono ʻia". Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā keramika kuʻuna, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o nā hana, no laila ua hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā ʻano hana like ʻole e like me nā semiconductors, nā kaʻa, a me nā mīkini ʻoihana. Ua kapa ʻia nā keramika maikaʻi he mau keramika hou a me nā keramika holomua no kekahi manawa.