Pehea e koho ai i ka poloka ana kūpono no ka hoʻoponopono kiʻekiʻe

ʻO nā poloka ana (i kapa pinepine ʻia ʻo nā poloka Jo) ke ʻano maʻamau kino mua no ka metrology dimensional ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa. ʻO kēlā me kēia calibration micrometer, ke ana kiʻekiʻe zeroing, a memīkini ana hoʻonohonohoHoʻopaʻa ka loiloi axis (CMM) i kona moʻokūʻauhau dimensional i kahi puʻu wringing o nā poloka gauge i hōʻoia ʻia e kūʻē i nā interferometers laser.

ʻO ke koho ʻana i ka mea hewa a i ʻole ka pae pololei e hoʻokomo i nā hewa wela maalea, nā hemahema ʻūlū, a me ke komo pono ʻole. ʻO kahi hoʻonohonoho calibration Grade K i manaʻo ʻia no kahi keʻena hoʻomalu kaiapuni e hōʻino koke ʻia inā hoʻokomo ʻia ma kahi papahele hale hana momona, ʻoiai ʻo kahi hoʻonohonoho kila hoʻokele waiwai i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻonohonoho hoʻohālikelike pololei kiʻekiʻe e hoʻokomo i ka kānalua hiki ʻole ke ʻae ʻia.

ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā māka pololei, ka physics mea, a me ka dinamika wringing e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i kāu hoʻonohonoho maikaʻi e mālama i kahi kaulahao paʻa ʻole o ka traceability metrological.

1. Ke koho ʻana i ka pae pololei kūpono (ISO 3650 / ASME B89.1.9)

Hoʻokaʻawale nā ​​kūlana honua i nā poloka ana i ʻehā mau papa mua e pili ana i ka ʻokoʻa lōʻihi a me nā hoʻomanawanui pālahalaha:

+------------------+-------------------------------------+------------------------------------+ | Papa Pololei | Noi Kumu | Kaiapuni Hana | +------------------+------------------------------------+------------------------------------+ | Papa K (Calib.) | Kuhikuhi kumu no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka hale hana | Keʻena hana paʻa (20°C ±0.1°C a i ±0.2°C) | | Papa 0 | Ke hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā ana hana/unahi | Keʻena hana nānā (20°C ±0.5°C) | | Papa 1 | Ke hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā ana kiʻekiʻe/dial o ka papahele hale hana | Ke kahua maikaʻi maʻemaʻe (20°C ±1.0°C)| | Papa 2 | Hana mea hana a me ka hoʻonohonoho hale hana | Papahele hale hana mīkini laulā | +------------------+------------------------------------+------------------------------------+

Papa K (Papa Hoʻoponopono)

Loaʻa i nā poloka Papa K nā ʻae ʻana i ka lōʻihi paʻa loa a me ke ʻano like ʻole, akā ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻohana ʻia no nā ana maʻamau o kēlā me kēia lā. ʻO kā lākou hana wale nō ke hoʻoponopono i nā poloka ana hana (Papa 0 a i ʻole 1). Pono nā keʻena hoʻokolohua e hana ana i nā seti Papa K i nā interferometers kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea hoʻohālikelike mechanical e hopu i nā ʻano micro-inch.

Papa 0 a me Papa 1

Hana ʻo Papa 0 ma ke ʻano he kūlana kuhikuhi hana i loko o nā lumi nānā i kāohi ʻia e ke aniau e hoʻoponopono i nā micrometer, nā apo hoʻonohonoho, a me nā probes uila. Mālama nā poloka Papa 1 i ka nānā pololei ma ka papahele hale hana kahi e mau ai nā loli o ka mahana i loko o nā palena kūpono.

2. Koho Mea Hana: Kila vs. Carbide vs. Ceramic

ʻO ke koho ʻana i ka mea kūpono e pono ai ke kaulike i ka launa pū ʻana o ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka thermal, ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka ʻaʻahu, a me ke kūpaʻa ʻole i ka corrosion.

+--------------------------+------------------------+------------------------+-----------------------+ | ʻAno Mea | Kila (Alloy) | Tungsten Carbide | Pālolo (Zirconia) | +--------------------------+------------------------+---------------------------------------+ | Ka Hoʻonui Wela | ~11.5 x 10^-6 /°C | ~4.2 a i 5.0 x 10^-6 /°C| ~9.5 a i 10.0 x 10^-6 /°C| | Paʻakikī / Ola ʻAʻahu | Kumu (Waena) | Kiʻekiʻe Loa (~10x) | ʻOi Loa (~15x) | | Kū'ē i ka ʻAi ʻAna | Haʻahaʻa (Pono ka ʻaila) | Kiʻekiʻe | Inert (Pale i ka ʻAi ʻAna) | | ʻAno Burr | Hoʻokiʻekiʻe i nā burr metala | Kū'ē loa i ka burr | ʻAʻole hiki ke pale ʻia e nā burr | +--------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+------------------------+

Ke kila

ʻO ke kila ke koho kuʻuna a kūpono hoʻi ke kumukūʻai. Hoʻohālikelike loa kona coefficient o ka hoʻonui wela i nā ʻāpana mīkini kila maʻamau, e hōʻemi ana i nā hewa hoʻonui ʻokoʻa i ka wā o nā nānā ʻana ma ka papahele hale hana. Eia nō naʻe, pono ke kila e hoʻomoʻa mau ʻia e pale aku i ka popo a me nā ʻōpala i ka wā e hōʻike ʻia ai i ka grit.

ʻO ka Carbide Tungsten

Hāʻawi ʻo Carbide ma kahi o ʻumi manawa o ke kūpaʻa ʻana o ke kila kila. ʻO kona kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ke kahakaha ʻana e kūpono ia no nā kikowaena nānā nui. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo kona coefficient hoʻonui wela haʻahaʻa (~ 4.5 × 10⁻⁶/C) e koi ana i nā mea hoʻoponopono wela akahele i ke ana ʻana i nā ʻāpana kila ma nā mahana ma kahi o 20℃.

ʻO ka keramika Zirconia

Ua lilo ka keramika Zirconia i mea makemake nui ʻia no nā keʻena hoʻokolohua maikaʻi o kēia au. He pale loa ka ʻōpala o nā poloka keramika, ʻaʻole magnetic, a ʻaʻole hiki ke pale ʻia e nā micro-burrs. ʻO ka hāʻule ʻana o kahi poloka keramika ʻaʻole ia e hoʻokiʻekiʻe i kahi burr lihi; e haki wale ia me ka ʻole o ka hoʻopilikia ʻana i nā papa pālahalaha a puni. Eia kekahi, ʻo kona wikiwiki hoʻonui wela (~ 9.8 × 10⁻⁶/C) e like loa me ke kila, e hoʻomaʻalahi ana i nā helu hoʻoponopono mahana.

3. ʻO ke ʻano Wringing a me ka maikaʻi o ka ʻili

ʻO ke kuʻi ʻana—ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i ʻelua mau poloka ana maʻemaʻe a pālahalaha ma lalo o kekahi kaomi iki i mea e pipili ai lākou me ka ʻole o nā mea paʻa waho—e hilinaʻi ana i ka hoʻopili molekala ultra-flat a me ka huki molekala ma waena o nā ʻili wai micro-thin.

KE ʻANO HUKI ʻANA Poloka A (Luna) [=================================]=" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ <-- ʻAila ʻaila lahilahi loa (unahi nanometer) Poloka B (Lalo) [================================]=" --> ʻO ka huki molekala + ke kaomi lewa e hoʻopaʻa pono i nā poloka.

Pono ka ʻūmi kūleʻa i ke ʻano o ka ʻili maʻemaʻe. Inā he mau ʻūmiʻi ʻōpala, lepo ea, a i ʻole ka hōʻiliʻili ʻili aila i loko o ke kumu poloka anakahi, e ākea ana ka hakahaka ʻūmiʻi e kekahi mau haneli nanometer, e hōʻino ana i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana o ka Papa 0.

Ma kā mākou hale hana hana ʻo Jinan, ʻo ka mālama ʻana i ka pololei o ka calibration no nā kūlana ana kūloko e hilinaʻi ʻia ana ma ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā poloka ana keramika a me ke kila me nā papa ʻili granite ʻeleʻele ZHHIMG® (≈ 3100 kg/m³). Ma muli o ka hāʻawi ʻana o ka granite density kiʻekiʻe i kahi kumu inert, non-magnetic, micro-lapped i loko o kā mākou mau hale hana mahana mau 10,000 m², hiki i nā loea ke wili a hōʻoia i nā poloka me ka ʻole o ka hoʻopilikia ʻana o ka haʻalulu honua e hoʻololi ana i nā heluhelu lōʻihi.

4. Ka Hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka Traceability a me ka Mana Kaiapuni

ʻAʻole nui ka manaʻo o ke kūʻai ʻana i nā poloka kūlana kiʻekiʻe inā ʻaʻole i lawa ka paʻa o ke kaiapuni a me ka hiki ke hahai ʻia ke ana ʻana.

1. Ka Hoʻomoʻa ʻana i ka Mahana: Ma mua o ke calibrating a i ʻole ka wringing, e ʻae i nā poloka a me nā ʻāpana hana e hoʻomoʻa i loko o ka lab i kāohi ʻia e ke aniau (20 ℃) ​​no ka liʻiliʻi he 2 a 4 mau hola. ʻO ka lawelawe pololei ʻana i nā poloka me nā lima ʻōlohelohe e hoʻoili koke i ka wela o ke kino, e hoʻonui ana i kahi poloka 100 mm e ka micron piha i loko o kekona. E hoʻohana mau i nā ʻūpā insulated a i ʻole nā ​​​​mīkini lima pulupulu.

2. Ka Hiki ke Hahai ʻia o ka Hale Hoʻokolohua Lahui: E hōʻoia i ka puka ʻana mai o nā palapala hōʻoia calibration mai nā hale hana i ʻae ʻia i hiki ke hahai ʻia i nā ʻoihana metrology aupuni (NIM, PTB, NPL, a i ʻole NIST). Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia kūlana mīkini i hoʻohana ʻia ma ZHHIMG ka hōʻoia calibration i hoʻopuka ʻia e nā ʻoihana metrology panalāʻau a me ka ʻāina i ʻae ʻia.

3. Nā Kaʻina Hana Hoʻomaʻemaʻe: E hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā poloka ma mua a ma hope o ka hoʻohana ʻana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka waiʻona anhydrous optical-grade a me nā ʻūpī lint-free. Pono e uhi māmā ʻia nā seti kila me ka petrolatum ʻakika-ʻole ma mua o ka mālama ʻana.

Papa Inoa Hana no nā ʻenekinia maikaʻi

I ke koho ʻana i nā poloka ana no kāu hale hana:

• E hoʻohālikelike i ka mea poloka i kāu mau ʻāpana hana: E koho i ka seramika no ka nānā ʻana i ke kila maʻamau a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lumi maʻemaʻe; koho i ka carbide no nā wahi hana e hoʻohana nui ʻia.

• E mālama pono i nā poloka Papa K a me Papa 0 i loko o nā lumi hoʻoponopono i kāohi ʻia e ke aniau (20°C ± 0.5°C).

• Mai mālama i nā poloka i wili ʻia i ka pō. ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe anu a me ka makū o ka lewa e hoʻokaʻawale mau i nā maka pili.

• E hōʻoia i ka pālahalaha o kāu papa ʻili kuhikuhi (DIN 876 Grade 00) ma mua o ke kau ʻana i nā kū hoʻohālikelike e pale aku i nā hewa deflection kumu.

Ma ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ke ʻano, ka mea hana, a me ke kaʻina hana lawelawe i kāu wahi ana kikoʻī, mālama kāu keʻena hoʻokolohua i kahi kumu kuhikuhi paʻa ʻole no kēlā me kēia huahana e puka ana mai kāu hale hana.