Ma ke kahua o nā lako hana pololei ʻoihana, ʻo ke kūpaʻa o ka granite e hilinaʻi nui ʻia ma luna o kona ʻano mineral, ka nui o ke ʻano, a me nā hōʻailona hana kino (e like me ke koina o ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka wela, ka nui o ka omo wai, a me ka ikaika compressive), ma mua o kona kala ponoʻī. Eia naʻe, hōʻike pinepine ke kala i nā ʻokoʻa o ka ʻano mineral a me ke kaiapuni hoʻokumu. No laila, i nā noi hana, ʻoi aku ka makemake ʻia o ka granite o kekahi mau kala ma muli o kāna hana piha maikaʻi loa. Eia ka loiloi kikoʻī:
I. Pili Kūlike ʻole ma waena o ke Kala a me ke Kūpaʻa
Hoʻoholo ʻia ke kala o ka granite e kona ʻano mineral, a pili pono ka ʻano mineral i kona mau waiwai kino:
ʻO ka granite kala māmā (e like me ke keʻokeʻo hina, poni māmā)
Ka haku mele ʻana o nā minelala: ʻO ka quartz a me ka feldspar ka nui (a hiki i ka 60% a i ka 80%), me kahi liʻiliʻi o ka mica a i ʻole amphibole.
ʻO ka Quartz (me ka nui o 2.65g/cm³) a me ka feldspar (me ka nui o 2.5-2.8g/cm³) he paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe, kūpaʻa kemika ikaika, a me kahi coefficient haʻahaʻa o ka hoʻonui wela (maʻamau 5-8 × 10⁻⁶/℃), a ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka hoʻopilikia ʻia e nā loli o ka mahana.
Nā hiʻohiʻona kūkulu: Hoʻokumu ʻia i loko o kahi kaiapuni honua paʻa (e like me ka hoʻomaʻalili lohi ma ka ʻāpana pāpaʻu o ka ʻili o ka Honua), me nā ʻāpana kristal like, ʻano paʻa, porosity haʻahaʻa (0.3% - 0.7%), ka helu omo wai haʻahaʻa (<0.15%), a me ke kūpaʻa ikaika i ka deformation.
Nā noi maʻamau: Nā lako hana hana ʻāpana uila, nā kumu mea hana optical precision (e like me nā kahua mīkini photolithography), pono e mālama i ka pololei o ka dimensional no ka manawa lōʻihi.
ʻO ka granite ʻeleʻele (e like me ka ʻeleʻele, ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻeleʻele)
Ka haku mele ʻana: Waiwai i nā minelala hao a me ka magnesium (e like me ka amphibole, biotite, pyroxene), a loaʻa hapa nā minelala metala kaumaha e like me ka magnetite a me ka ilmenite.
He kiʻekiʻe ko ka nui o ka amphibole (ka nui o 3.0-3.4g/cm³) a me ka biotite (ka nui o 2.7-3.1g/cm³), akā, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ko lākou mau coefficients o ka hoʻonui wela ma mua o ko ka quartz (a hiki i ka 8-12 × 10⁻⁶/℃), a hiki ke loli iki ko lākou mau ʻano ma muli o ka oxidation o nā minelala hao.
Nā ʻano kūkulu: Hoʻokumu ʻia ka hapa nui ma nā wahi wela kiʻekiʻe a me ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe (e like me ka hoʻomaʻalili wikiwiki ʻana o ka magma hohonu), me nā ʻāpana crystalline coarse a me nā ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi i ka nui o ke kūkulu ʻana. ʻOi aku ka like o ke kūkulu ʻana o kekahi granite ʻeleʻele (e like me Jinan Green) ma muli o ka hana magmatic ikaika a me ka hoʻokuʻu piha ʻana o ke kaumaha kūloko.
Nā noi maʻamau: Nā kumu mīkini hana kaumaha, nā mīkini ana hoʻonohonoho nui (CMM), pono e kū i nā ukana kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa i ka hopena.
Ii. Nā Hōʻailona Koʻikoʻi o ke Kūpaʻa ma nā Hiʻohiʻona ʻOihana
Me ka nānā ʻole i ke kala, ʻo nā koi koʻikoʻi no ka granite i nā lako hana pololei ʻoihana:
Paʻa wela
E hāʻawi i ka mea nui i ke koho ʻana i nā ʻano me ka coefficient haʻahaʻa o ka hoʻonui wela (<8 × 10⁻⁶/℃) e pale aku i ka ʻokoʻa pololei o nā lako i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā loli o ka mahana. ʻOi aku ka paʻa o ka granite kala māmā (e like me ke keʻokeʻo sesame) ma muli o kona nui o ka quartz.
Ka paʻa ʻana o ke ʻano
ʻO ka Granite me ka porosity ma lalo o 0.5% a me ka nui o ka omo wai ma lalo o 0.1% ʻaʻole ia e maʻalahi i ka adsorbing makū a i ʻole nā mea haumia a ʻaʻole paha e deform i ka hoʻohana lōʻihi. ʻO Jinan Green i loko o ka granite ʻeleʻele (me ka porosity o 0.3%) a me Shanxi Black i loko o ka granite māmā (me ka porosity o 0.2%) e hoʻokō i nā koi o ka density kiʻekiʻe.
Ikaika mīkini
ʻOi aku ka ikaika compressive ma mua o 150MPa a ʻoi aku ka ikaika flexural ma mua o 12MPa, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ka paʻa lōʻihi o ka lawe ʻana i nā lako kikoʻī. ʻO ka granite ʻeleʻele (e like me ka ʻeleʻele India) he ʻoi aku ka ikaika mechanical ma muli o ke alo o ka hao a me nā minelala magnesium a kūpono ia no nā hiʻohiʻona hana kaumaha.
Ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka palaho kemika
Loaʻa i ka Quartz a me ka feldspar ke kūpaʻa ikaika i ka pala waikawa a me ka alkali. No laila, ʻoi aku ka kūpono o ka granite kala māmā (e like me ka hina sesame) no nā wahi pala i nā ʻoihana kemika a me semiconductor.
Iii. Nā Koho Koʻikoʻi a me nā Hihia ma ke Kahua ʻOihana
ʻO ka granite kala māmā: ʻO ke koho makemake ʻia no nā hiʻohiʻona kikoʻī kiʻekiʻe
Nā ʻano ʻokoʻa:
Sesame Keʻokeʻo: Hana ʻia ma Fujian, he hina māmā kona kala, me ka nui o ka quartz ma luna o 70%. ʻO kona coefficient o ka hoʻonui wela he 6 × 10⁻⁶/℃. Hoʻohana ʻia ia i nā kahua mīkini lithography semiconductor a me nā lako nānā aerospace.
ʻŌmaʻomaʻo Jinan: Hina ʻeleʻele, ʻano like, ikaika compressive 240MPa, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia no ke kumu o nā mīkini ana hoʻonohonoho (CMM).
Nā Pōmaikaʻi: ʻO ke ʻano like ʻole o ke kala, e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ana i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ke ala optical o nā lako optical; He liʻiliʻi kona deformation thermal a kūpono ia no nā koi pololei o ka nanometer.
ʻO ka granite ʻeleʻele: Makemake ʻia no nā hana kaumaha a me nā hiʻohiʻona kūpaʻa i ka hopena
Nā ʻano ʻokoʻa:
ʻEleʻele Galaxy: ʻEleʻele ke kala, aia ka ilmenite, me ka nui o 3.05g/cm³ a me ka ikaika compressive o 280MPa. Hoʻohana ʻia ia no nā ala alakaʻi mīkini hana kaumaha a me nā mea hana hana kaʻa.
ʻEleʻele Mongolian: ʻŌmaʻomaʻo ʻeleʻele, ʻo ka amphibole ka nui, me ke kūpaʻa ikaika i ka hopena, i hoʻohana ʻia no ke kumu o nā lako hana mining.
Nā Pōmaikaʻi: Kiʻekiʻe ka nui, paʻakikī ikaika, hiki ke omo i ka haʻalulu mechanical, kūpono no nā wahi ʻoihana ukana kiʻekiʻe.
ʻEhā. Hopena: ʻAʻole ke kala ke kumu hoʻoholo; ʻo ka hana ke kikowaena
Kala ≠ kūpaʻa: Loaʻa i nā ʻano granite māmā a me ka ʻeleʻele nā ʻano paʻa loa. Aia ke kī i ka maʻemaʻe o ka mineral, ke ʻano like o ke ʻano, a me nā ʻōkuhi kino.
Kumumanaʻo hoʻololi hiʻohiʻona:
Nā lako hana optical/uila pololei: E koho i nā ʻano kala māmā me ka nui o ka quartz (e like me ka sesame keʻokeʻo), e hoʻoikaika ana i ke kūpaʻa wela a me ka pololei o ka ʻili.
Nā mīkini kaumaha/mīkini ʻoihana: E koho i nā ʻano ʻeleʻele kala, hao kiʻekiʻe i ka magnesium ore (e like me Jinan blue), e hoʻoikaika ana i ka ikaika mechanical a me ke kūpaʻa i ka hopena.
Manaʻo kūʻai: E hōʻoia i nā palena e like me ke koina o ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka wela, ka helu omo wai, a me ka ikaika compressive ma o nā hōʻike hoʻāʻo (e like me GB/T 18601-2020 "Natural Granite Building Slabs"), ma mua o ka hoʻoholo wale ʻana ma ke kala.
I ka hopena, ma ke kahua ʻoihana, ʻo ke koho ʻana o ka granite e hoʻoikaika i ka hana a hoʻohui ʻia e ke kala. Pono e hana ʻia kahi loiloi piha me nā koi lako kikoʻī a me nā wahi hoʻohana.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mei-19-2025