Ua lilo ʻo Flat Panel Display (FPD) i mea nui o nā TV e hiki mai ana. ʻO ia ke ʻano maʻamau, akā ʻaʻohe wehewehe koʻikoʻi ma ka honua. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ʻo kēia ʻano hōʻike he lahilahi a me ke ʻano o kahi papa pālahalaha. Nui nā ʻano hōʻike papa pālahalaha. , E like me ka hōʻike 'ano a me ka hana loina, loaʻa ka wai aniani hōʻike (LCD), plasma hōʻike (PDP), electroluminescence hōʻike (ELD), organic electroluminescence hōʻike (OLED), kahua emission hōʻike (FED), projection hōʻike, etc. He nui nā mea hana FPD i hanaʻia e ka granite. No ka mea, ʻoi aku ka pololei o ka mīkini granite base a me nā waiwai kino.
ulu ulu
Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka CRT kuʻuna (cathode ray tube), ʻo ka hōʻike papa pālahalaha nā mea maikaʻi o ka lahilahi, māmā, ka mana haʻahaʻa, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ʻaʻohe flicker, a pono i ke olakino kanaka. Ua ʻoi aku ma mua o ka CRT i nā kūʻai honua. Ma ka makahiki 2010, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka lakio o ka waiwai kūʻai o nā mea ʻelua e hiki i 5:1. I ke kenekulia 21, e lilo nā hōʻike papa pālahalaha i nā huahana koʻikoʻi i ka hōʻike. Wahi a ka wānana o ka Stanford Resources kaulana, e hoʻonui ʻia ka mākeke hōʻikeʻike papa honua mai 23 biliona kālā ma 2001 a i 58,7 biliona kālā ʻAmelika i ka makahiki 2006, a ʻo ka awelika o ka ulu ʻana o ka makahiki e hiki i 20% i nā makahiki 4 e hiki mai ana.
ʻenehana hōʻike
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā hōʻike papa pālahalaha i loko o nā hōʻike hoʻokuʻu kukui ikaika a me nā hōʻike hoʻokuʻu kukui passive. ʻO ka mea mua e pili ana i ka mea hōʻike e hoʻopuka ana ka mea hōʻike i ka mālamalama a hāʻawi i ka radiation ʻike ʻia, ʻo ia hoʻi ka plasma display (PDP), vacuum fluorescent display (VFD), field emission display (FED), electroluminescence display (LED) a me ka organic light emitting diode display (OLED) ) E kali. ʻO ka mea hope, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻomālamalama iā ia iho, akā hoʻohana i ka mea hōʻikeʻike e hoʻololi ʻia e kahi hōʻailona uila, a hoʻololi kona mau hiʻohiʻona optical, hoʻololi i ke kukui ambient a me ke kukui i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e ka lako mana o waho (kumu hope, kumu kukui projection), a hana ia ma ka pale hōʻike a i ʻole ka pale. Hōʻike nā mea hana, me ka hōʻike aniani wai (LCD), hōʻike ʻōnaehana micro-electromechanical system (DMD) a me ka ʻīnika uila (EL), etc.
LCD
Loaʻa i nā hōʻike aniani wai nā passive matrix liquid crystal displays (PM-LCD) a me nā hōʻike aniani wai matrix active (AM-LCD). Loaʻa nā hōʻike aniani wai STN a me TN i nā hōʻike kristal wai matrix passive. I ka makahiki 1990, ua ulu wikiwiki ka ʻenehana hōʻike aniani wai ʻenehana ikaika, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD). Ma ke ʻano he huahana pani o STN, loaʻa iā ia nā mea maikaʻi o ka wikiwiki pane wikiwiki a ʻaʻohe flickering, a hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā kamepiula lawe lima a me nā keʻena hana, nā TV, nā camcorders a me nā consoles pāʻani wikiō paʻa. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o AM-LCD a me PM-LCD ʻo ia ka mea i hoʻololi ʻia nā mea hoʻololi i hoʻohui ʻia i kēlā me kēia pika, hiki ke lanakila i ka cross-interference a loaʻa ka ʻokoʻa kiʻekiʻe a me ka hōʻike hoʻonā kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻohana ka AM-LCD i kēia manawa amorphous silicon (a-Si) TFT hoʻololi a me ka hoʻolālā capacitor mālama, hiki ke loaʻa ke kiʻekiʻe hina hina a ʻike i ka hōʻike kala maoli. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka pono o ka hoʻonā kiʻekiʻe a me nā pika liʻiliʻi no nā kiʻi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a me nā noi projection ua alakaʻi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā hōʻike P-Si (polysilicon) TFT (thin film transistor). ʻO ka neʻe ʻana o P-Si he 8 a 9 mau manawa kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka a-Si. ʻAʻole kūpono ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o P-Si TFT no ka hōʻike kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a me ka hoʻonā kiʻekiʻe, akā hiki ke hoʻohui pū ʻia nā ʻāpana peripheral ma ka substrate.
ʻO nā mea a pau, kūpono ka LCD no nā hōʻike lahilahi, māmā, liʻiliʻi a me ka liʻiliʻi me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana haʻahaʻa, a hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā mea uila e like me nā kamepiula puke a me nā kelepona paʻa. Ua hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia nā LCD 30-inch a me 40-inch, a ua hoʻohana ʻia kekahi. Ma hope o ka hana nui ʻana o ka LCD, hoʻemi mau ʻia ke kumukūʻai. Loaʻa ka monitor LCD 15-inihi no $500. ʻO kāna kuhikuhi hoʻomohala e hiki mai ana ke hoʻololi i ka hōʻike cathode o PC a hoʻopili iā ia ma LCD TV.
Hōʻike plasma
ʻO ka Plasma hōʻike he ʻenehana hōʻike ʻike kukui i ʻike ʻia e ke kumu o ke kinoea (e like me ka lewa). Loaʻa i nā hōʻike plasma nā mea maikaʻi o nā paipu ray cathode, akā ua hana ʻia ma nā hale lahilahi loa. ʻO ka nui o ka huahana nui he 40-42 iniha. Aia nā huahana 50 60 inch i ka hoʻomohala ʻana.
ʻūhā māmaele
ʻO kahi hōʻike fluorescent vacuum he hōʻike i hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā huahana leo/wikiō a me nā mea pono home. He triode electron tube type vacuum display device e hoʻopili ana i ka cathode, grid a me ka anode i loko o ka pahu hau. ʻO ia ka wikiwiki o nā electrons i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e ka cathode e ka volta maikaʻi i hoʻopili ʻia i ka grid a me ka anode, a hoʻoulu i ka phosphor i uhi ʻia ma ka anode e hoʻokuʻu i ka mālamalama. Hoʻohana ka pahu i kahi ʻano honeycomb.
electroluminescence)
Hana ʻia nā hōʻike electroluminescent me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana kiʻiʻoniʻoni lahilahi. Hoʻonoho ʻia kahi papa insulating ma waena o 2 mau papa conductive a waiho ʻia kahi papa electroluminescent lahilahi. Hoʻohana ka mea hana i nā papa zinc-coated a i ʻole strontium-coated me ka laulā hoʻokuʻu ākea e like me nā mea electroluminescent. ʻO kāna papa electroluminescent he 100 microns ka mānoanoa a hiki ke hoʻokō i ka hopena hōʻike maopopo like me ka hōʻike ʻana i ka diode māmā māmā (OLED). ʻO 10KHz, 200V AC ka volta uila maʻamau, e koi ana i ka mea hoʻokele IC. Ua hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia kahi microdisplay hoʻonā kiʻekiʻe me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi hoʻolālā hoʻokele hana.
alakai
ʻO nā hōʻikeʻike kukui-emitting diode he helu nui o nā diodes māmā, hiki ke monochromatic a i ʻole nā kala he nui. Ua loaʻa nā diodes polū polū kiʻekiʻe, e hiki ai ke hana i nā hōʻike LED nui piha kala. Loaʻa i nā hōʻike LED nā hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻālohilohi kiʻekiʻe, ka hana kiʻekiʻe a me ke ola lōʻihi, a kūpono i nā hōʻike pale nui no ka hoʻohana ʻana i waho. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki ke hana ʻia nā hōʻike waena waena no nā mea nānā a i ʻole PDA (kamepiula paʻa lima) me kēia ʻenehana. Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka LED monolithic integrated circuit ma ke ʻano he monochromatic virtual display.
MEMS
He microdisplay kēia i hana ʻia me ka ʻenehana MEMS. I loko o ia mau hōʻikeʻike, hana ʻia nā ʻōnaehana mīkini microscopic e ka hana ʻana i nā semiconductors a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e hoʻohana ana i nā kaʻina semiconductor maʻamau. I loko o kahi mīkini micromirror kikohoʻe, ʻo ke ʻano he micromirror i kākoʻo ʻia e kahi hinge. Hoʻohana ʻia kona mau hinges e nā hoʻopiʻi ma nā papa i hoʻopili ʻia i kekahi o nā keena hoʻomanaʻo ma lalo. ʻO ka nui o kēlā me kēia micromirror e like me ke anawaena o ka lauoho kanaka. Hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia hāmeʻa i nā projectors pāʻoihana portable a me nā projectors home theater.
hoʻokuʻu kahua
ʻO ke kumu kumu o ka hōʻike hoʻokuʻu ʻana he like ia me ka pahu ray cathode, ʻo ia hoʻi, huki ʻia nā electrons e kahi pā a hana ʻia e hui pū me kahi phosphor i uhi ʻia ma ka anode e hoʻokuʻu i ka mālamalama. ʻO kona cathode he heluna nui o nā kumu electron liʻiliʻi i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i loko o kahi ʻano, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma ke ʻano o ka array o hoʻokahi pika a hoʻokahi cathode. E like me nā hōʻike plasma, pono nā hōʻike hoʻokuʻu kahua i nā volta kiʻekiʻe e hana, mai 200V a 6000V. Akā i kēia manawa, ʻaʻole ia i lilo i mea hōʻike papa pālahalaha ma muli o ke kumu kūʻai kiʻekiʻe o kāna mau mea hana.
māmā māmā
I loko o kahi hōʻike diode māmā māmā (OLED), ua hoʻoili ʻia ke au uila i hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku paha o nā ʻāpana plastik e hana i nā kukui e like me nā diodes kukui-emitting inorganic. ʻO ia ke ʻano o ka mea e koi ʻia no kahi mea OLED he kiʻi ʻoniʻoni paʻa i kahi substrate. Eia naʻe, paʻakikī loa nā mea kūlohelohe i ka mahu wai a me ka oxygen, no laila pono ke sila. ʻO nā OLED nā mea hoʻomāmā māmā a hōʻike i nā hiʻohiʻona māmā maikaʻi a me nā hiʻohiʻona haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. Loaʻa iā lākou ka mana nui no ka hana nui ʻana i kahi kaʻina ʻōwili-by-roll ma luna o nā substrate maʻalahi a no laila he mea maʻalahi loa ka hana ʻana. ʻO ka ʻenehana ka nui o nā noi, mai nā kukui monochromatic maʻalahi a hiki i nā hōʻike kiʻi wikiō piha.
Inika uila
ʻO nā hōʻike e-ink he mau hōʻike i hoʻomalu ʻia e ka hoʻopili ʻana i kahi kahua uila i kahi mea bistable. Loaʻa iā ia kahi helu nui o nā ʻāpana aniani i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka micro-sealed, ʻo kēlā me kēia ma kahi o 100 microns ka anawaena, loaʻa kahi mea wai ʻeleʻele i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a me nā tausani o nā ʻāpana o ke keʻokeʻo titanium dioxide. Ke hoʻohana ʻia kahi māla uila i ka mea bistable, e neʻe ana nā ʻāpana titanium dioxide i kekahi o nā electrodes ma muli o ko lākou kūlana hoʻoili. ʻO kēia ka mea e hoʻopuka ai ka pixel i ka mālamalama a i ʻole. No ka mea hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka mea, mālama ia i ka ʻike no nā mahina. No ka mea ua hoʻomalu ʻia kona kūlana hana e kahi māla uila, hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia kāna ʻike hōʻike me ka liʻiliʻi o ka ikehu.
mea ʻike kukui lapalapa
ʻO Flame Photometric Detector FPD (Flame Photometric Detector, FPD no ka pōkole)
1. Ke kumu o ka FPD
Hoʻokumu ʻia ke kumu o ka FPD ma luna o ka puhi ʻana o ka hāpana i loko o ka lapalapa ʻana o ka hydrogen, i hoʻemi ʻia nā pūhui i loaʻa i ka sulfur a me ka phosphorus e ka hydrogen ma hope o ka puhi ʻana, a ua hana ʻia nā ʻano hauʻoli o S2* (ke kūlana hauʻoli o S2) a me HPO* (ke kūlana hauʻoli o HPO). ʻO nā mea hauʻoli ʻelua e hoʻomālamalama i ka spectra ma kahi o 400nm a me 550nm ke hoʻi lākou i ka ʻāina honua. Ana 'ia ka ikaika o keia spectrum me ka paipu photomultiplier, a ua like ka ikaika o ka malamalama me ka nui o ke kahe o ka laana. ʻO ka FPD kahi mea ʻike koʻikoʻi a koho, i hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka nānā ʻana i ka sulfur a me ka phosphorus compound.
2. ʻO ke ʻano o ka FPD
ʻO FPD kahi hoʻolālā e hoʻohui i ka FID a me ka photometer. Ua hoʻomaka ia ma ke ʻano he FPD ahi hoʻokahi. Ma hope o 1978, i mea e hoʻoponopono ai i nā hemahema o ka FPD ahi hoʻokahi, ua hoʻomohala ʻia ka FPD lua-flame. Loaʻa iā ia ʻelua mau lapalapa ea-hydrogen ʻokoʻa, ʻo ka lapalapa haʻahaʻa e hoʻohuli i nā molekele hāpana i nā huahana hoʻopau i loaʻa nā molekole maʻalahi e like me S2 a me HPO; ʻO ka lapalapa o luna e hoʻopuka i nā ʻāpana moku'āina hoʻohiwahiwa luminescent e like me S2 * a me HPO *, aia kahi puka aniani e kuhikuhi ana i ka lapalapa o luna, a ʻike ʻia ka ikaika o ka chemiluminescence e kahi paipu photomultiplier. Hana ʻia ka puka makani me ke aniani paʻa, a ʻo ka nozzle lapalapa i hana ʻia me ke kila kila.
3. Ka hana a FPD
ʻO FPD kahi mea ʻike koho no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i nā pūhui sulfur a me phosphorus. ʻO kona lapalapa he lapalapa hydrogen-waiwai, a lawa wale ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka ea e hana me 70% o ka hydrogen, no laila haʻahaʻa ka wela o ka lapalapa e hoʻoulu ai i ka sulfur a me ka phosphorus. Nā ʻāpana hui. ʻO ke kahe o ke kinoea halihali, hydrogen a me ka ea he mana nui i ka FPD, no laila e paʻa loa ka mana kahe o ke kinoea. ʻO ka wela wela no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i nā pūhui sulfur i loko o 390 °C, hiki ke hoʻoulu i ka S2* hauʻoli; no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i nā pūhui phosphorus, pono ka ratio o ka hydrogen a me ka oxygen ma waena o 2 a me 5, a pono e hoʻololi ʻia ka ratio hydrogen-to-oxygen e like me nā laʻana like ʻole. Pono e hoʻoponopono pono ʻia ke kinoea halihali a me ke kinoea make-up no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka lākiō hōʻailona-a-noise maikaʻi.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Jan-18-2022