Ua lilo ka Flat Panel Display (FPD) i mea nui o nā TV e hiki mai ana. ʻO ia ke ʻano maʻamau, akā ʻaʻohe wehewehe paʻa ma ka honua. Ma keʻano laulā, he lahilahi kēia ʻano hōʻike a ua like ia me kahi panela pālahalaha. Nui nā ʻano hōʻike panela pālahalaha. , Wahi a ke ʻano hōʻike a me ke kumu hana, aia ka hōʻike kristal wai (LCD), ka hōʻike plasma (PDP), ka hōʻike electroluminescence (ELD), ka hōʻike electroluminescence organik (OLED), ka hōʻike hoʻokuʻu kahua (FED), ka hōʻike projection, a pēlā aku. Hana ʻia nā lako FPD he nui e ka granite. No ka mea, ʻoi aku ka pololei o ke kumu mīkini granite a me nā waiwai kino.
ke au hoʻomohala
Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka CRT kuʻuna (cathode ray tube), loaʻa i ka hōʻike pālahalaha nā pono o ka lahilahi, māmā, hoʻohana mana haʻahaʻa, radiation haʻahaʻa, ʻaʻohe flicker, a he mea maikaʻi no ke olakino kanaka. Ua ʻoi aku ia ma mua o ka CRT ma ke kūʻai aku honua. I ka makahiki 2010, ua manaʻo ʻia e hiki aku ka lakio o ke kumukūʻai kūʻai o nā mea ʻelua i ka 5:1. I ke kenekulia 21, e lilo nā hōʻike pālahalaha i nā huahana nui i ka hōʻike. Wahi a ka wānana a Stanford Resources kaulana, e piʻi aʻe ka mākeke hōʻike pālahalaha honua mai 23 biliona kālā US i ka makahiki 2001 a i 58.7 biliona kālā US i ka makahiki 2006, a ʻo ka awelika o ka ulu makahiki e hiki aku i 20% i nā makahiki 4 e hiki mai ana.
ʻenehana hōʻike
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā hōʻikeʻike pālahalaha i nā hōʻikeʻike hoʻopuka kukui ikaika a me nā hōʻikeʻike hoʻopuka kukui passive. ʻO ka mea mua e pili ana i ka hāmeʻa hōʻike e hoʻopuka ana ka medium hōʻike i ka mālamalama a hāʻawi i ka radiation ʻike ʻia, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hōʻike plasma (PDP), ka hōʻike fluorescent vacuum (VFD), ka hōʻikeʻike hoʻopuka kahua (FED), ka hōʻike electroluminescence (LED) a me ka hōʻike diode hoʻopuka kukui organik (OLED). ʻO ke ʻano hope, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻopuka i ka mālamalama iā ia iho, akā hoʻohana i ka medium hōʻike e hoʻololi ʻia e kahi hōʻailona uila, a loli kona ʻano optical, hoʻololi i ka mālamalama ambient a me ka mālamalama i hoʻopuka ʻia e ka lako mana waho (backlight, projection light source), a hana ia ma ka pale hōʻike a i ʻole ka pale. Nā hāmeʻa hōʻike, me ka hōʻike kristal wai (LCD), ka hōʻike ʻōnaehana micro-electromechanical (DMD) a me ka hōʻike ʻīnika uila (EL), a pēlā aku.
LCD
ʻO nā hōʻikeʻike kristal wai e komo pū ana me nā hōʻikeʻike kristal wai matrix passive (PM-LCD) a me nā hōʻikeʻike kristal wai matrix active (AM-LCD). No nā hōʻikeʻike kristal wai matrix passive nā hōʻikeʻike kristal wai STN a me TN. I nā makahiki 1990, ua ulu wikiwiki ka ʻenehana hōʻikeʻike kristal wai matrix active, ʻoiai ka hōʻikeʻike kristal wai transistor lahilahi (TFT-LCD). Ma ke ʻano he huahana pani o STN, loaʻa iā ia nā pono o ka wikiwiki pane wikiwiki a me ka ʻole o ka flickering, a hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā kamepiula lawe lima a me nā wahi hana, nā TV, nā camcorder a me nā consoles pāʻani wikiō lima. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o AM-LCD a me PM-LCD ʻo ia ka mea mua i hoʻohui ʻia i nā mea hoʻololi i kēlā me kēia pixel, hiki ke lanakila i ke keʻa-interference a loaʻa ka ʻokoʻa kiʻekiʻe a me ka hōʻike hoʻonā kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻohana ka AM-LCD o kēia manawa i ka mea hoʻololi amorphous silicon (a-Si) TFT a me ka hoʻolālā capacitor storage, hiki ke loaʻa ka pae hina kiʻekiʻe a hoʻomaopopo i ka hōʻike kala maoli. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka pono no ka hoʻonā kiʻekiʻe a me nā pikela liʻiliʻi no nā kāmela kiʻekiʻe a me nā noi projection ua hoʻokele i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā hōʻikeʻike P-Si (polysilicon) TFT (thin film transistor). ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka neʻe ʻana o ka P-Si ma mua o ka a-Si he 8 a 9 mau manawa. ʻAʻole kūpono wale ka liʻiliʻi o ka P-Si TFT no ka hōʻike kiʻekiʻe a me ka hoʻonā kiʻekiʻe, akā hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia nā kaapuni peripheral ma ka substrate.
Ma keʻano holoʻokoʻa, kūpono ka LCD no nā hōʻike lahilahi, māmā, liʻiliʻi a me waena me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana haʻahaʻa, a hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā mea uila e like me nā kamepiula lawe lima a me nā kelepona paʻalima. Ua hoʻomohala pono ʻia nā LCD 30-ʻīniha a me 40-ʻīniha, a ua hoʻohana ʻia kekahi. Ma hope o ka hana nui ʻana o ka LCD, ua hoʻemi mau ʻia ke kumukūʻai. Loaʻa kahi monitor LCD 15-ʻīniha no $500. ʻO kāna kuhikuhi hoʻomohala e hiki mai ana, ʻo ia ke pani i ka hōʻike cathode o PC a hoʻopili iā ia i loko o ka TV LCD.
Hōʻike plasma
ʻO ka hōʻike plasma kahi ʻenehana hōʻike e hoʻopuka ana i ka mālamalama i hoʻomaopopo ʻia e ke kumumanaʻo o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ke kinoea (e like me ka lewa). Loaʻa i nā hōʻike plasma nā pono o nā paipu kukuna cathode, akā ua hana ʻia ma nā ʻano lahilahi loa. ʻO ka nui o ka huahana nui he 40-42 ʻīniha. Ke hoʻomohala ʻia nei nā huahana 50 60 ʻīniha.
fluorescence vacuum
ʻO ka hōʻike fluorescent vacuum kahi hōʻike i hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā huahana leo/wikiō a me nā lako home. He mea hōʻike vacuum ʻano paipu electron triode ia e hoʻopuni ana i ka cathode, grid a me ka anode i loko o kahi paipu vacuum. ʻO ia ka hoʻolalelale ʻia ʻana o nā electrons i hoʻopuka ʻia e ka cathode e ka voltage maikaʻi i hoʻopili ʻia i ka grid a me ka anode, a hoʻoulu i ka phosphor i uhi ʻia ma ka anode e hoʻopuka i ka mālamalama. Hoʻohana ka grid i kahi ʻano honeycomb.
electroluminescence)
Hana ʻia nā hōʻikeʻike electroluminescent me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana ʻili lahilahi paʻa. Hoʻokomo ʻia kahi papa insulating ma waena o 2 mau papa conductive a waiho ʻia kahi papa electroluminescent lahilahi. Hoʻohana ka hāmeʻa i nā papa i uhi ʻia me ka zinc a i ʻole strontium me ka spectrum hoʻokuʻu ākea e like me nā ʻāpana electroluminescent. He 100 microns ka mānoanoa o kona papa electroluminescent a hiki ke hoʻokō i ka hopena hōʻike maopopo like me ka hōʻike diode emitting light organik (OLED). ʻO kona voltage drive maʻamau he 10KHz, 200V AC voltage, kahi e pono ai ka IC driver pipiʻi. Ua hoʻomohala pono ʻia kahi microdisplay hoʻonā kiʻekiʻe e hoʻohana ana i kahi hoʻolālā hoʻokele array hana.
alakaʻi ʻia
ʻO nā hōʻike diode hoʻomālamalama e loaʻa ana i kahi nui o nā diode hoʻomālamalama, hiki ke monochromatic a multi-colored paha. Ua loaʻa nā diode hoʻomālamalama polū kiʻekiʻe, e hiki ai ke hana i nā hōʻike LED pale nui piha-kala. Loaʻa i nā hōʻike LED nā ʻano o ka ʻōlinolino kiʻekiʻe, ka pono kiʻekiʻe a me ke ola lōʻihi, a kūpono no nā hōʻike pale nui no ka hoʻohana ʻana ma waho. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki ke hana ʻia nā hōʻike waena no nā monitor a i ʻole PDA (nā kamepiula lima) me kēia ʻenehana. Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka kaapuni hoʻohui monolithic LED ma ke ʻano he hōʻike virtual monochromatic.
Nā MEMS
He microdisplay kēia i hana ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana MEMS. Ma ia mau hōʻike, hana ʻia nā ʻano mechanical microscopic ma o ka hana ʻana i nā semiconductors a me nā mea ʻē aʻe me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kaʻina hana semiconductor maʻamau. Ma kahi hāmeʻa micromirror kikohoʻe, ʻo ke ʻano he micromirror i kākoʻo ʻia e kahi hinge. Hoʻoulu ʻia kona mau hinge e nā uku ma nā papa i hoʻopili ʻia i kekahi o nā cell hoʻomanaʻo ma lalo. ʻO ka nui o kēlā me kēia micromirror e like me ke anawaena o ka lauoho kanaka. Hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia hāmeʻa i nā mea hoʻolele kalepa lawe lima a me nā mea hoʻolele hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni home.
hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ke kahua
ʻO ke kumu nui o kahi hōʻike hoʻokuʻu kahua e like me ke ʻano o kahi paipu kukuna cathode, ʻo ia hoʻi, ua huki ʻia nā electrons e kahi pā a hana ʻia e kuʻi me kahi phosphor i uhi ʻia ma ka anode e hoʻokuʻu i ka mālamalama. Ua haku ʻia kona cathode me kahi helu nui o nā kumu electron liʻiliʻi i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i loko o kahi pūʻulu, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma ke ʻano o kahi pūʻulu o hoʻokahi pixel a me hoʻokahi cathode. E like me nā hōʻike plasma, pono nā hōʻike hoʻokuʻu kahua i nā voltages kiʻekiʻe e hana ai, mai 200V a 6000V. Akā a hiki i kēia manawa, ʻaʻole ia i lilo i hōʻike panela pālahalaha maʻamau ma muli o ke kumukūʻai hana kiʻekiʻe o kāna lako hana.
kukui kūlohelohe
Ma kahi hōʻike diode hoʻomālamalama organik (OLED), hoʻoili ʻia kahi au uila ma o hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku paha mau papa o ka plastic e hana i ka mālamalama e like me nā diode hoʻomālamalama inorganic. ʻO ke ʻano kēia, ʻo ka mea e pono ai no kahi hāmeʻa OLED he ʻano kiʻiʻoniʻoni paʻa ma luna o kahi substrate. Eia nō naʻe, he mea maʻalahi loa nā mea organik i ka mahu wai a me ka oxygen, no laila he mea nui ka sila ʻana. He mau mea hoʻomālamalama ikaika nā OLED a hōʻike i nā ʻano kukui maikaʻi loa a me nā ʻano hoʻohana mana haʻahaʻa. Loaʻa iā lākou ka hiki ke hana nui ma ke kaʻina hana roll-by-roll ma nā substrates maʻalahi a no laila he mea kūʻai ʻole ke hana. Loaʻa i ka ʻenehana kahi ākea o nā noi, mai ka mālamalama wahi nui monochromatic maʻalahi a hiki i nā hōʻike kiʻi wikiō kala piha.
ʻĪnika uila
ʻO nā hōʻikeʻike E-ink he mau hōʻikeʻike i kāohi ʻia ma ka hoʻopili ʻana i kahi kahua uila i kahi mea bistable. Loaʻa iā ia kahi helu nui o nā spheres aniani i sila ʻia, kēlā me kēia ma kahi o 100 microns ke anawaena, aia kahi mea wai ʻeleʻele i hoʻoluʻu ʻia a me nā tausani o nā ʻāpana o ka titanium dioxide keʻokeʻo. Ke hoʻopili ʻia kahi kahua uila i ka mea bistable, e neʻe nā ʻāpana titanium dioxide i kekahi o nā electrodes ma muli o ko lākou kūlana hoʻopiʻi. ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka pixel e hoʻopuka i ka mālamalama a i ʻole. No ka mea he bistable ka mea, mālama ia i ka ʻike no nā mahina. ʻOiai ua kāohi ʻia kona kūlana hana e kahi kahua uila, hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia kāna ʻike hōʻike me ka ikehu liʻiliʻi loa.
mea ʻike kukui lapalapa
Mea ʻIke Kiʻi Uila Ahi FPD (Mea ʻIke Kiʻi Uila Ahi, FPD no ka pōkole)
1. Ke kumumanaʻo o FPD
Hoʻokumu ʻia ke kumumanaʻo o FPD ma ke kuni ʻana o ka hāpana i loko o kahi lapalapa waiwai hydrogen, i hoʻemi ʻia nā hui i loaʻa ka sulfur a me ka phosphorus e ka hydrogen ma hope o ke kuni ʻana, a hoʻopuka ʻia nā kūlana hoʻonāukiuki o S2* (ke kūlana hoʻonāukiuki o S2) a me HPO* (ke kūlana hoʻonāukiuki o HPO). Hoʻopuka nā mea hoʻonāukiuki ʻelua i nā spectra a puni 400nm a me 550nm ke hoʻi lākou i ke kūlana honua. Ana ʻia ka ikaika o kēia spectrum me kahi paipu photomultiplier, a kūlike ka ikaika o ke kukui me ka nui o ke kahe o ka hāpana. He mea ʻike koʻikoʻi a koho ʻo FPD, kahi i hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka nānā ʻana i nā hui sulfur a me phosphorus.
2. Ke ʻano o ka FPD
ʻO FPD kahi ʻano hana e hoʻohui pū ana i ka FID a me ka photometer. Ua hoʻomaka ia ma ke ʻano he FPD lapalapa hoʻokahi. Ma hope o 1978, i mea e hoʻoponopono ai i nā hemahema o ka FPD lapalapa hoʻokahi, ua hoʻomohala ʻia ka FPD lapalapa pālua. Loaʻa iā ia ʻelua mau lapalapa ea-hydrogen kaʻawale, hoʻololi ka lapalapa haʻahaʻa i nā molekala laʻana i nā huahana kuni e loaʻa ana nā molekala maʻalahi e like me S2 a me HPO; hoʻopuka ka lapalapa luna i nā ʻāpana luminescent i hoʻonāukiuki ʻia e like me S2* a me HPO*, aia kahi puka makani i kuhikuhi ʻia i ka lapalapa luna, a ʻike ʻia ka ikaika o ka chemiluminescence e kahi paipu photomultiplier. Hana ʻia ka puka makani i ke aniani paʻakikī, a hana ʻia ka nozzle lapalapa i ke kila kila.
3. Ka hana a FPD
He mea ʻike koho ʻo FPD no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i nā hui sulfur a me phosphorus. He lapalapa waiwai hydrogen kona lapalapa, a ʻo ka lako o ka ea he lawa wale nō ia e pane me 70% o ka hydrogen, no laila ua haʻahaʻa ka mahana lapalapa e hana i ka sulfur a me ka phosphorus i hoʻonāukiuki ʻia. Nā ʻāpana hui. ʻO ka nui o ke kahe o ke kinoea lawe, hydrogen a me ka ea he mana nui ia ma FPD, no laila pono e paʻa loa ke kaohi ʻana o ke kahe kinoea. ʻO ka mahana lapalapa no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i nā hui sulfur e pili ana i ka 390 °C, hiki ke hana i ka S2* i hoʻonāukiuki ʻia; no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i nā hui phosphorus, pono ka lakio o ka hydrogen a me ka oxygen ma waena o 2 a me 5, a pono e hoʻololi ʻia ka lakio hydrogen-a-oxygen e like me nā laʻana like ʻole. Pono hoʻi e hoʻoponopono pono ʻia ke kinoea lawe a me ke kinoea make-up e loaʻa ai kahi lakio signal-to-noise maikaʻi.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Ian-18-2022