Ua lilo ʻo Flat Panel Display (FPD) i mea nui o nā TV e hiki mai ana.ʻO ia ke ʻano maʻamau, akā ʻaʻohe wehewehe koʻikoʻi ma ka honua.ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ʻo kēia ʻano hōʻike he lahilahi a me ke ʻano o kahi papa pālahalaha.Nui nā ʻano hōʻike papa pālahalaha., E like me ka mea hōʻikeʻike a me ka loina hana, aia ka wai aniani hōʻike (LCD), plasma hōʻike (PDP), electroluminescence hōʻike (ELD), organic electroluminescence hōʻike (OLED), kahua emission hōʻike (FED), projection hōʻike, etc. Nui nā lako FPD i hana ʻia e ka granite.No ka mea, ʻoi aku ka pololei o ka mīkini granite base a me nā waiwai kino.
ulu ulu
Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka CRT kuʻuna (cathode ray tube), ʻo ka hōʻike papa pālahalaha nā mea maikaʻi o ka lahilahi, māmā, ka mana haʻahaʻa, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ʻaʻohe flicker, a pono i ke olakino kanaka.Ua ʻoi aku ma mua o ka CRT i nā kūʻai honua.Ma ka makahiki 2010, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka lakio o ka waiwai kūʻai o nā mea ʻelua e hiki i 5:1.I ke kenekulia 21, e lilo nā hōʻike papa pālahalaha i nā huahana koʻikoʻi i ka hōʻike.Wahi a ka wānana o ka Stanford Resources kaulana, e hoʻonui ʻia ka mākeke hōʻikeʻike papa honua mai 23 biliona kālā ma 2001 a i 58,7 biliona kālā ʻAmelika i ka makahiki 2006, a ʻo ka awelika o ka ulu ʻana o ka makahiki e hiki i 20% i nā makahiki 4 e hiki mai ana.
ʻenehana hōʻike
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā hōʻike papa pālahalaha i loko o nā hōʻike hoʻokuʻu kukui ikaika a me nā hōʻike hoʻokuʻu kukui passive.ʻO ka mea mua e pili ana i ka mea hōʻike e hoʻopuka ana ka mea hōʻike pono i ka mālamalama a hāʻawi i ka radiation ʻike ʻia, ʻo ia hoʻi ka plasma display (PDP), vacuum fluorescent display (VFD), field emission display (FED), electroluminescence display (LED) a me nā kukui kūlohelohe. hōʻike diode (OLED) )E kali.ʻO ka mea hope, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻomālamalama iā ia iho, akā hoʻohana i ka mea hōʻikeʻike e hoʻololi ʻia e kahi hōʻailona uila, a hoʻololi kona mau hiʻohiʻona optical, hoʻololi i ke kukui ambient a me ke kukui i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e ka mana o waho (kumu hope, kumu kukui projection. ), a hana ia ma ka pale hōʻike a i ʻole ka pale.Hōʻike nā mea hana, me ka hōʻike aniani wai (LCD), hōʻike ʻōnaehana micro-electromechanical system (DMD) a me ka ʻīnika uila (EL), etc.
LCD
Loaʻa i nā hōʻike aniani wai nā passive matrix liquid crystal displays (PM-LCD) a me nā hōʻike aniani wai matrix active (AM-LCD).Loaʻa nā hōʻike aniani wai STN a me TN i nā hōʻike kristal wai matrix passive.I ka makahiki 1990, ua ulu wikiwiki ka ʻenehana hōʻike aniani wai ʻenehana ikaika, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD).Ma ke ʻano he huahana pani o STN, loaʻa iā ia nā mea maikaʻi o ka wikiwiki pane wikiwiki a ʻaʻohe flickering, a hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā kamepiula lawe lima a me nā keʻena hana, nā TV, nā camcorders a me nā consoles pāʻani wikiō paʻa.ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o AM-LCD a me PM-LCD ʻo ia ka mea i hoʻololi ʻia nā mea hoʻololi i hoʻohui ʻia i kēlā me kēia pika, hiki ke lanakila i ka cross-interference a loaʻa ka ʻokoʻa kiʻekiʻe a me ka hōʻike hoʻonā kiʻekiʻe.Hoʻohana ka AM-LCD i kēia manawa i kahi mea hoʻololi TFT amorphous silicon (a-Si) a me ka hoʻolālā capacitor mālama, hiki ke loaʻa ke kiʻekiʻe hina hina a ʻike i ka hōʻike kala maoli.Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka pono o ka hoʻonā kiʻekiʻe a me nā pika liʻiliʻi no nā kiʻi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a me nā noi projection ua alakaʻi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā hōʻike P-Si (polysilicon) TFT (thin film transistor).ʻO ka neʻe ʻana o P-Si he 8 a 9 mau manawa kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka a-Si.ʻAʻole kūpono ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o P-Si TFT no ka hōʻike kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a me ka hoʻonā kiʻekiʻe, akā hiki ke hoʻohui pū ʻia nā ʻāpana peripheral ma ka substrate.
ʻO nā mea a pau, kūpono ka LCD no nā hōʻike lahilahi, māmā, liʻiliʻi a me ka liʻiliʻi me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana haʻahaʻa, a hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā mea uila e like me nā kamepiula puke a me nā kelepona paʻa.Ua hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia nā LCD 30-inch a me 40-inch, a ua hoʻohana ʻia kekahi.Ma hope o ka hana nui ʻana o ka LCD, hoʻemi mau ʻia ke kumukūʻai.Loaʻa ka monitor LCD 15-inihi no $500.ʻO kāna kuhikuhi hoʻomohala e hiki mai ana ke hoʻololi i ka hōʻike cathode o PC a hoʻopili iā ia ma LCD TV.
Hōʻike plasma
ʻO ka Plasma hōʻike he ʻenehana hōʻike ʻike kukui i ʻike ʻia e ke kumu o ke kinoea (e like me ka lewa).Loaʻa i nā hōʻike plasma nā mea maikaʻi o nā paipu ray cathode, akā ua hana ʻia ma nā hale lahilahi loa.ʻO ka nui o ka huahana nui he 40-42 iniha.Aia nā huahana 50 60 inch i ka hoʻomohala ʻana.
ʻūhā māmaele
ʻO kahi hōʻike fluorescent vacuum he hōʻike i hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā huahana leo/wikiō a me nā mea pono home.He triode electron tube type vacuum display device e hoʻopili ana i ka cathode, grid a me ka anode i loko o ka pahu hau.ʻO ia ka wikiwiki o nā electrons i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e ka cathode e ka volta maikaʻi i hoʻopili ʻia i ka grid a me ka anode, a hoʻoulu i ka phosphor i uhi ʻia ma ka anode e hoʻokuʻu i ka mālamalama.Hoʻohana ka pahu i kahi ʻano honeycomb.
electroluminescence)
Hana ʻia nā hōʻike electroluminescent me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana kiʻiʻoniʻoni lahilahi.Hoʻonoho ʻia kahi papa insulating ma waena o 2 mau papa conductive a waiho ʻia kahi papa electroluminescent lahilahi.Hoʻohana ka mea hana i nā papa zinc-coated a i ʻole strontium-coated me ka laulā hoʻokuʻu ākea e like me nā mea electroluminescent.ʻO kāna papa electroluminescent he 100 microns ka mānoanoa a hiki ke hoʻokō i ka hopena hōʻike maopopo like me ka hōʻike ʻana i ka diode māmā māmā (OLED).ʻO 10KHz, 200V AC ka volta uila maʻamau, e koi ana i ka mea hoʻokele IC.Ua hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia kahi microdisplay hoʻonā kiʻekiʻe me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi hoʻolālā hoʻokele hana.
alakai
ʻO nā hōʻikeʻike kukui-emitting diode he helu nui o nā diodes māmā, hiki ke monochromatic a i ʻole nā kala he nui.Ua loaʻa nā diodes polū polū kiʻekiʻe, e hiki ai ke hana i nā hōʻike LED nui piha kala.Loaʻa i nā hōʻike LED nā hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻālohilohi kiʻekiʻe, ka hana kiʻekiʻe a me ke ola lōʻihi, a kūpono i nā hōʻike pale nui no ka hoʻohana ʻana i waho.Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki ke hana ʻia nā hōʻike waena waena no nā mea nānā a i ʻole PDA (kamepiula paʻa lima) me kēia ʻenehana.Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka LED monolithic integrated circuit ma ke ʻano he monochromatic virtual display.
MEMS
He microdisplay kēia i hana ʻia me ka ʻenehana MEMS.I loko o ia mau hōʻikeʻike, hana ʻia nā ʻōnaehana mīkini microscopic e ka hana ʻana i nā semiconductors a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e hoʻohana ana i nā kaʻina semiconductor maʻamau.I loko o kahi mīkini micromirror kikohoʻe, ʻo ke ʻano he micromirror i kākoʻo ʻia e kahi hinge.Hoʻohana ʻia kona mau hinges e nā hoʻopiʻi ma nā papa i hoʻopili ʻia i kekahi o nā keena hoʻomanaʻo ma lalo.ʻO ka nui o kēlā me kēia micromirror e like me ke anawaena o ka lauoho kanaka.Hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia hāmeʻa i nā projectors pāʻoihana portable a me nā projectors home theater.
hoʻokuʻu kahua
ʻO ke kumu kumu o ka hōʻike hoʻokuʻu ʻana he like ia me ka pahu ray cathode, ʻo ia hoʻi, huki ʻia nā electrons e kahi pā a hana ʻia e hui pū me kahi phosphor i uhi ʻia ma ka anode e hoʻokuʻu i ka mālamalama.ʻO kona cathode he heluna nui o nā kumu electron liʻiliʻi i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i loko o kahi ʻano, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma ke ʻano o ka array o hoʻokahi pika a hoʻokahi cathode.E like me nā hōʻike plasma, pono nā hōʻike hoʻokuʻu kahua i nā volta kiʻekiʻe e hana, mai 200V a 6000V.Akā i kēia manawa, ʻaʻole ia i lilo i mea hōʻike papa pālahalaha ma muli o ke kumu kūʻai kiʻekiʻe o kāna mau mea hana.
māmā māmā
I loko o kahi hōʻike diode māmā māmā (OLED), ua hoʻoili ʻia ke au uila i hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku paha o nā ʻāpana plastik e hana i nā kukui e like me nā diodes kukui-emitting inorganic.ʻO ia ke ʻano o ka mea e koi ʻia no kahi mea OLED he kiʻi ʻoniʻoni paʻa i kahi substrate.Eia naʻe, paʻakikī loa nā mea kūlohelohe i ka mahu wai a me ka oxygen, no laila pono ke sila.ʻO nā OLED nā mea hoʻomāmā māmā a hōʻike i nā hiʻohiʻona māmā maikaʻi a me nā hiʻohiʻona haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.Loaʻa iā lākou ka mana nui no ka hana nui ʻana i kahi kaʻina ʻōwili-by-roll ma luna o nā substrate maʻalahi a no laila he mea maʻalahi loa ka hana ʻana.ʻO ka ʻenehana ka nui o nā noi, mai nā kukui monochromatic maʻalahi a hiki i nā hōʻike kiʻi wikiō piha.
Inika uila
ʻO nā hōʻike e-ink he mau hōʻike i hoʻomalu ʻia e ka hoʻopili ʻana i kahi kahua uila i kahi mea bistable.Loaʻa iā ia kahi helu nui o nā ʻāpana aniani i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka micro-sealed, ʻo kēlā me kēia ma kahi o 100 microns ka anawaena, loaʻa kahi mea wai ʻeleʻele i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a me nā tausani o nā ʻāpana o ke keʻokeʻo titanium dioxide.Ke hoʻohana ʻia kahi māla uila i ka mea bistable, e neʻe ana nā ʻāpana titanium dioxide i kekahi o nā electrodes ma muli o ko lākou kūlana hoʻoili.ʻO kēia ka mea e hoʻopuka ai ka pixel i ka mālamalama a i ʻole.No ka mea hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka mea, mālama ia i ka ʻike no nā mahina.No ka mea ua hoʻomalu ʻia kona kūlana hana e kahi māla uila, hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia kāna ʻike hōʻike me ka liʻiliʻi o ka ikehu.
ʻike kukui lapalapa
ʻO Flame Photometric Detector FPD (Flame Photometric Detector, FPD no ka pōkole)
1. Ke kumu o ka FPD
Hoʻokumu ʻia ke kumu o ka FPD ma luna o ka puhi ʻana o ka hāpana i loko o kahi lapalapa hydrogen-waiwai, i hoʻemi ʻia nā pūhui i loaʻa i ka sulfur a me ka phosphorus e ka hydrogen ma hope o ka puhi ʻana, a me nā ʻano hauʻoli o S2 * (ke kūlana hauʻoli o S2) a me HPO. * (ke kūlana hauʻoli o HPO) i hana ʻia.ʻO nā mea hauʻoli ʻelua e hoʻomālamalama i ka spectra a puni 400nm a me 550nm ke hoʻi lākou i ka ʻāina honua.Ana 'ia ka ikaika o keia spectrum me ka paipu photomultiplier, a ua like ka ikaika o ka malamalama me ka nui o ke kahe o ka la'ana.ʻO ka FPD kahi mea ʻike koʻikoʻi a koho, i hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka nānā ʻana i nā pūhui sulfur a me ka phosphorus.
2. ʻO ke ʻano o ka FPD
ʻO FPD kahi hoʻolālā e hoʻohui i ka FID a me ka photometer.Ua hoʻomaka ia ma ke ʻano he FPD ahi hoʻokahi.Ma hope o 1978, i mea e hoʻoponopono ai i nā hemahema o ka FPD ahi hoʻokahi, ua hoʻomohala ʻia ka FPD lua-flame.Loaʻa iā ia ʻelua mau lapalapa ea-hydrogen ʻokoʻa, ʻo ka lapalapa haʻahaʻa e hoʻohuli i nā molekele hāpana i nā huahana hoʻopau i loaʻa nā molekole maʻalahi e like me S2 a me HPO;ʻO ka lapalapa o luna e hoʻopuka i nā ʻāpana moku'āina hoʻohiwahiwa luminescent e like me S2 * a me HPO *, aia kahi puka aniani e kuhikuhi ana i ka lapalapa o luna, a ʻike ʻia ka ikaika o ka chemiluminescence e kahi paipu photomultiplier.Hana ʻia ka puka makani me ke aniani paʻa, a ʻo ka nozzle lapalapa i hana ʻia me ke kila kila.
3. Ka hana a FPD
ʻO FPD kahi mea ʻike koho no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i nā pūhui sulfur a me phosphorus.ʻO kona lapalapa he lapalapa hydrogen-waiwai, a lawa wale ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka ea e hana me 70% o ka hydrogen, no laila haʻahaʻa ka wela o ka lapalapa e hoʻoulu ai i ka sulfur a me ka phosphorus.Nā ʻāpana hui.ʻO ke kahe o ke kinoea halihali, hydrogen a me ka ea he mana nui i ka FPD, no laila e paʻa loa ka mana kahe o ke kinoea.ʻO ka wela wela no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i nā pūhui sulfur i loko o 390 °C, hiki ke hoʻoulu i ka S2* hauʻoli;no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i nā pūhui phosphorus, pono ka ratio o ka hydrogen a me ka oxygen ma waena o 2 a me 5, a pono e hoʻololi ʻia ka ratio hydrogen-to-oxygen e like me nā laʻana like ʻole.Pono e hoʻoponopono pono ʻia ke kinoea halihali a me ke kinoea make-up no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka lākiō hōʻailona-a-noise maikaʻi.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Jan-18-2022